Thursday, May 14, 2020
Personal Narrative My Life Choices - 895 Words
My Life Choices ââ¬Å"Your life is a reflection of the choices you make. Even events you donââ¬â¢t control, reflect your choices in how you respond. If you want to improve your life, improve how you make choices. Try to mindfully make decisions which are inspired by open-mindedness, high integrity and long-term thinking.â⬠Karen Salmansohn I was born in Pakistan and lived there until the age of 15. In 2001, my father and our whole family got the visa to come to the USA. Consequently, for the sake of all of us, he decided to move to the USA. We all moved to California in 2002. I have three brothers and one sister. My sister got married in Pakistan before we moved to California. In 2007, I married my husband and I went back to Pakistan for a few months. I had my son in 2009 and my daughter in 2012. I moved from California to New Jersey in 2013. My husband works as a store manager at Family Dollar. Sometimes he works 60 - 80 hours in a week. I stay at home to take care of my 2 kids. I could not imagine what I am intent to share. I am about to discuss a very intimate part of my life. It is an aspect I seldom share with others. By now I have played the role of wife to my husband and mother to my children. My journey began to a new me in 2009 when my older son was born. He looked like a normal newborn. I had many difficulti es in the coming months with him. I started to get a little scared when I looked at other children his age, he seemed to be very much behind in many areas. I tried toShow MoreRelatedComparsion of Voltaire and Gronniosawà ´s Philosophy Essay1492 Words à |à 6 Pagesvery different. Candide is a philosophical satirical novel that ingeniously shakes the misinterpretation of doctrinal optimism. Whilst A Narrative of the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw written by himself, (For the purpose of this essay, ââ¬ËA Narrative.ââ¬â¢) is an autobiographical, and spiritual account of Gronniosawââ¬â¢s Journey. This essay will look at the narrative techniques and the distinctive features of the language used in both extracts. (Voltaire, Gronniosaw, A230, Assessment Guide, 2013)Read MoreThe Narrative Theory / Paradigm1477 Words à |à 6 PagesThe narrative theory/paradigm states that everything we do can be laid out as a story (Fisher, 1984). The main points of the theory/paradig m are the following: humans are essentially storytellers; decisions that humans make are based off of good reasons rather than proof; what we do and how we think is swayed by accounts of history, biography, culture and character; our rationality is determined by our sense of probability (the coherency of the narrative) and narrative fidelity (whether the storyRead MoreIllness Narrative Essay929 Words à |à 4 PagesMy Illness Narrative Sharing and listening to the illness narratives in class is an experience that I do not think I could ever forget. Listening to people share their raw emotions and stories of struggle and illness was eye opening, My own illness narrative could be described as a quest narrative and more specifically an automythology. This is because as I stated in my presentation, I became a better person, adopted skills that helped me deal with my fatherââ¬â¢s illness, understood what it is likeRead MoreObesity : A Huge Problem1138 Words à |à 5 Pagesand Contrast Essay Obesity has become a huge problem in the United States, and has affected almost everyoneââ¬â¢s lives in some way. Obesity is not something people should take lightly, but many do. Obesity is very dangerous and can shorten a personââ¬â¢s life by years. Both David Zinczenko and Radley Balko agree that obesity is dangerous and has emerged as a huge problem. However, the two differ on why this problem has occurred and how it may be solved. Zinczenko believes that fast food restauraunts areRead MoreMy World View906 Words à |à 4 PagesWithin each and every individual lies a set of beliefs that help set the foundation and fundamentals of his or her existence. These beliefs are uniquely crafted from ones own experience and personal choices, or established through an others personal influences or doctrine. No matter the scenario, these beliefs determine an individuals priorities, justify their actions, help determine what he or she is fond of and aids them in answering some of lifes challenging questions. Most importantly theseRead More I Hate Narrative Essays1154 Words à |à 5 Pageshad stopped working because my brother got on the Internet and thus cut off my connection. That was the least of my problems working on this paper. I got it done, though. My life changed with one trip of a teacher to the chalkboard and one phrase, narrative essay. God, I hate narrative essays. My day was going well. I devoured a big breakfast, my brother, for once, got out of the shower quick, and no major assignment was pending. Life was very, very good. Then life began to fall into oblivionRead MoreWriters Have Tools For Their Craft1547 Words à |à 7 Pagesidentifying the target audience, theme, language, and narrative structure. Each of these features are woven into the narrative with a specific purpose and are expected to work collectively to produce a story that not only expresses the tale but also makes a connection. This essay will strive to stress the importance of the writing techniques and styles shown through the target audienceââ¬â¢s different roles, the language being used with the narrative, the narrative structure presentation, literary conventionsRead MoreProfessional Development Plan1601 Words à |à 7 Pagesworth (McKellar, 1996). This paper outlines my top three professional goals, resources required for achieving these goals, and a resource const rained schedule. The strategic formulation of my goals, required resources and schedule coalesce to form my Professional Development Plan (PDP). The first goal is a short term goal required for financing the second goal which is my medium term goal. The final goal is a long term goal that is loosely coupled with my second goal. Goal 1: Develop and LaunchRead MoreCareer Analysis : Career Counseling1276 Words à |à 6 Pagesindividuals life experiences, their personal and career goals and aspirations for the present and future will affect their choices regarding career development. There are differing opinions on which factors play the most important role in career development. For the purpose of this paper I will focus on Donald Superââ¬â¢s developmental theory, as well as his life-span, life-stage model, and integrate narrative career counseling that has proven effective in my own personal career choices. Narrative careerRead MorePsy/230 Personal Narrative Essay803 Words à |à 4 PagesFinal Project Personal Narrative PSY/230 September 23, 2012 Rehema Underwood Final Project Personal Narrative I would have to say looing back over the last five years my life has developed in to exactly what I have always wanted it to be. After going through a nasty divorce about eight years ago I went on a path of self destruction. I started drinking heavily and using drugs and a way to numb the pain I was going through. Finally after doing a few things that Iââ¬â¢m really not proud of I
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Women Have Made Significant Strides In Society, Proving
Women have made significant strides in society, proving themselves to be as capable as men in the workforce. However, while women are making equal contributions, men and women are not earning equal wages. Even though the Equal Pay Act was established in 1963, women continue to earn lower wages than men over half a century later. This inequality not only affects women as individuals but has a detrimental effect on the national economy. The gender wage gap in the United States should end because it is unjust; correcting it would have social and economic benefits for the U.S. Gender wage discrimination still exists in the United States after having many acts established to prevent it. The Equal Pay Act of 1963, signed by John F. Kennedy onâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For example, ââ¬Å"The mean earnings for male chemists are approximately 30 percent higher than the earning for female chemists, $78,984 and $60,901, respectivelyâ⬠(Broyles). Philip Broyles says that ââ¬Å"[e]mployers recognize that generally, women have lower levels of human capital than men and therefore they discriminate against women because they believe they are less productiveâ⬠(Broyles). Women lose significant amounts of income over their career time because their ââ¬Å"salary gains are crimped from the startâ⬠(Boushey). Additionally, men receive better dividends just for being men. For instance, Broyles explains that ââ¬Å"â⬠¦while both men and women benefit from more lucrative work specialties, men generally get a higher return on their investmentsâ⬠(Broyles). Moreover, Broyles states, ââ¬Å"[m]en with the same level of experience as women earn 6 percent more than women, making experience the greatest discriminatory factor in the earnings gapâ⬠(Broyles). To achieve wage inequality in the United States, employers should stop underestimating and discriminating women. Very often, women in the workforce are equally as qualified as their male colleagues, so they should not be penalized for it unilaterally. The gender wage gap would have a significant impact on womenââ¬â¢s retirement security. Most Americans depend on Social Security from their earnings over his or her career. According to a report by the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee, the genderShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : A Social Problem1728 Words à |à 7 Pagesperspective. Functionalist focus on how a society creates the social problem and then analyzes how and why the social issue has been maintained over the years. The objective reality is that gender inequality has and always will be a major issue in society. The scope of gender inequality has changed drastically over the years, but there is still a constant struggle for equal rights, pay and respect from society towards women. While organizations like Association for Women s Rights in Development (AWID) areRead MoreRace, Gender, and Ethnic Relations in the United States705 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿How do you see race, ethnicity, and gender issues, trends, and demographics 10 or 20 years from now in USA society?Ãâà Race, gender, and ethnic relations in the United States have dramatically changed in the last fifty years. Much progress has been made in terms of respecting equal rights on the basis of race, ethnicity, and gender. Since the changes in these relations are ongoing, being challenged and reformulated, the pertinent question now is how does the future look like? How will race, ethnicityRead MoreEssay on The Changing Status of Women1506 Words à |à 7 PagesChanging Status of Women Women have played a huge role in society. Many people respect women for the simple fact that they bring life to every human that is put on earth and, without them, none of us would be here today. Although many people respect women, women believe that they have been treated unfairly in the past. I believe that women have been treated unfairly, but I also believe that women today have much better opportunities offered to them than in the past, and that women today are closerRead MoreEssay about Women in the Workforce1679 Words à |à 7 Pagesstruggle for women to get to where they are today, and there is still a long way to go. There were a few momentous occasions throughout history that caused a shift in the way women were viewed as workers, such as the need for workers during World War II, the Equal Pay Act, and the appointment of Sandra Day Oââ¬â¢Connor to the Supreme Court. Women have made great strides in integrating themselves into the workforce alongside men and continue to do so today. Throughout much of history, women have been viewedRead MoreA Conversation About Justice Is A State Of Human Equality1198 Words à |à 5 Pagesquestions. Including, can there be justice for all? Is social justice fair or just what is appropriate for a particular situation? Does the majority have more say than the minority? Is the law always just? Can there be equality for the minority without taking privilege from the majority? Some would say democracy is just but there are many problems with the society determining what is just. One is, if the majority is allowed to create the terms of justice the ethics of minorities will usually be treatedRead MoreFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1619 Words à |à 7 Pageshistory, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which will never have equal rights nor opportunities that men receive for their gender, living their lives in ââ¬Å"utter boredom and lack of fulfillment.â⬠(Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell Prologue To a Social Movement) ââ¬Å"Throughout most of Western history, women were confined to the domestic sphere, while public life was reserved for men.â⬠(Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell Introduction) Along with being shut into a domestic lifestyle, women also carriedRead MoreFeminism And The Social, Economic, And Political Equality Of The Sexes1616 Words à |à 7 Pageshistory, women have been seen as objects and toys to men, in which will never have equal rights nor opportunities that men receive for their gender, living their lives in ââ¬Å"utter boredom and lack of fulfillment.â⬠(Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell Prologue To a Social Movement) ââ¬Å"Throughout most of Western history, women were confined to the domestic sphere, while public life was reserved for men.â⬠(Elinor Burkett, Laura Brunell Introduction) Along with being shut into a domestic lifestyle, women also carriedRead MoreThe Social Orders Of Europe2392 Words à |à 10 Pagesthei r new home, one thing was certain: the social orders of Europe had traveled with them. Women were meant to stay home and men were meant to work. Women had little involvement in the choices made for their well being, and were required to follow all orders from the dominant male population. Just as people began to migrate to America, witchcraft was still a major fear amongst the people of England, and women were a primary target for these accusations. It was simply the way life was for these NewRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1540 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the historical backdrop of the United States, African Americans have dependable been victimized. When Africans first came to America, they had no choice but to be slaves. The progressed toward becoming slaves to the rich, covetous, lethargic Americans. African Americans had given no compensation and regularly whipped and beaten. They battled for their opportunity, yet when the Civil War came African Americans had this log ic that if they were to join the Civil War they could liberate all slavesRead MoreThe Issue Of Commercial Sex1756 Words à |à 8 Pagesââ¬Å"Commercial sex is demeaning only when an intolerant and puritanical society defines it to be so, and makes it a crimeâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ writes Hugh Loebner in the ââ¬Å"Magna Carta for Sex Workâ⬠. It seems as though all work is depicted as something that is gratifying. But, this is only the case when the person doing the work is working a respectable job, such as a job in the medicine or finance. These jobs require men and women to be dressed accordingly and to act accordingly to create a sense of professionalism when
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Information System Management
Question: Describe about the Article for Information System Management. Answer: Introduction This report is aimed to perform an analysis to assess the impact of business intelligence and analytical tools for the improved decision making and knowledge management and to assess the challenges and the opportunities of non-relational and cloud database for an organization. Thus, the purpose of this report is to evaluate critically the role that has been played by the database systems and on how it is utilized as the source for the analytical tools as well as the business intelligence for the improved knowledge management system as well as improve decision making process. This report has also aimed to analyze the requirements of a company for storing data and data gathering. Background Information of the Company Hence, AVST has been considered to continue this report. Applied Voice and Speech Technologies is a trusted software-based Unified Communications (UC) solutions developer (Mysql 2016). This organization is capable of offering the best of breed solutions for its unmatched ability of interoperation with the broader range of the UC components from several leading vendors. The headquarter of the organization is situated in the Orange County, California. The specialization of AVST is creating business communication solutions for the government, small and large enterprises, hospitality market, healthcare and many more. CX-E or speech-enabledunified communicationsplatform is the main product of the organization. The organization now feels to increase the data handling capacity so that the organization can manage all its business properly. Capabilities of Database Management System Query Ability The process of making Query is the information to request attribute process from several combinations of parameters as well as various perspectives (Clifford et al., 2012). Replication and Backup The copies of the attributes require to be implemented in a regular basis in case the primary disks as well as the other equipment fails. The attributes periodic copy can also be implemented for a distant company that cant access readily the original. Database Management System generally gives the utilities for facilitating the process of disseminating and extracting the sets of attribute (Watanabe et al., 2013). Rule Enforcement One often wants for applying the rules to the attributes so that the attributes are reliable and clean. Security It is often desirable to the limit that can change or see which groups of attributes or the attributes itself. It can also directly be managed by individual or by the individuals assignment as well as the privileges to the groups or through the assignment of the groups to roles those are then granted entitlements (Selinger et al., 2012). Computation Some common computations are there which are requested on the attributes like cross-referencing, grouping, sorting, averaging, summing, counting and others (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). They can rely on the Database Management System for supplying such calculations rather than have every computer application implement these from scratch. Challenges and Benefits of Database Management System and AVST DBMS has several potential benefits. These are as follows: Legacy Call Processing: It is capable of replacing a legacy voice mail system. AVST was on the market at the time of purchasing the legacy system. It has the capacity of duplicating the functionality of the older legacy systems. IT Flexibility and Economics: It produces one of the most LAN-friendly products. It is because, the IT flexibility they provide is through the selection of process and configuration deployment management. Controlling Redundancy Every application has its own private files in the file system that cannot be shared among multiple applications. Often it can result in the considerable redundancy in the stored data that results in the storage places wastage (Luhn 2015). Most of these redundancies can be ignored by having a centralised database. Inconsistency Avoidance While the similar data is duplicated as well as the changes are implemented at the single site that is not broadcasted to the other end, thus, it can form an irrelevance as well as the two entities about the similar data would not agree (Han, Song and Song 2012). Data sharing the general data can be shared by various applications in the centralized Database Management System in comparison to the file system. Therefore, nowadays, applications can be implemented for operating against the similar data which are stored in the database. Enforcement of the Standard Standard can easily be enforced may be at the company level, International level, National Level and Departmental level as the DBMS is a central system. The standardized data is useful during interchanging or the migration of data. The challenges of DBMS are as follows: Complexity The functionality provision that is expected from a good DBMS makes the DBMS an extremely complicated piece of software. End-users, database administrators, developers as well as database designers must understand this functionality for taking complete benefit of it (Pakhira 2012). Failure for understanding the system can result in the bad decisions regarding design that can have serious issues for a company. The complexity with the system of AVST is manageable but it needs proper support of the stakeholders. Size The breadth and complexity of the functionality makes the Database Management System a huge piece of software, obtaining several megabytes of disk space as well as requiring the considerable amounts of memory for efficiently running. Performance A File Based System typically is a written for a particular application like invoicing. Performance is usually very good as a result. The access to the system is very quick and accurate but AVST can be creating issue. Nevertheless, the DBMS is written to be more general for catering for several applications rather than just one. Cost of DBMS The DBMS cost significantly varies based on the environment as well as provided functionality. The recurrent annual cost for maintenance is also there (Krishnamurthy et al., 2014). Extra Hardware costs The requirements for the disk storage in the DBMS as well as the database can necessitate the additional storage spaces purchase. Additionally, it may be necessary for purchasing a larger machine for achieving the required performance, perhaps even a machine dedicated to run the Database Management System. Conversion Cost The extra hardware and the cost of DBMS may be insightful in comparison to the cost to convert the existing applications for running on the new hardware as well as DBMS. Technical, Ethical and Legal Challenges Database Presents for an Information Systems Manager There can be several technical, ethical as well as legal challenges presented by the database faced by the Information System Manager. These are as follows: Privacy is a very serious concern for the Information Security Managers while using a particular database. The privacy issues can be taken place as per the legal as well as the ethical aspects (Reddy et al., 2014). The two major issues with the privacy of database are the proper security of the database itself as well as the ethical and legal implications of what should be stored on the databases in the first place. Information can often be leaked by the database due to some significant faults such as the SQL Injection. Another major ethical issue of the database is deciding which classifications of private as well as personal information; the information professional is entitled for gathering. The information accuracy can be another significant issue as per the ethical and legal viewpoint. This particular consequence is regarding the particular importance in cases where a particular information system manager is working with the personal data that can also have a direct impact on the professional like of that person. Security is another crucial challenge for the information security manager in an organization. While the data regarding some operation from a particular company database are leaked, thus it would result in a huge loss for that company (Pakhira 2012). This kind of issues can be occurred due to the unethical as well as illegal access within the company database and some technical difficulties as well. Thus, the ethical norms and values should be properly maintained and in order to do that specific effective and strict rules and regulations must be implemented within the organization. With the help of these rules and regulations, the unauthorized access in the database would be minimized. However, in order to mitigate the technical difficulties, people should be technologically sound to manage all the processes of managing, retrieving information in database. Taken as an example, the attacks such as DDoS can be a critical factor in terms of security. If a DDoS attacks starts it is very hard to overcame from it so AVST tries to avoid the attack as much as possible. It is done through bandwidth oversubscription. It suggests the organization to lease more bandwidth than needed so that the attacker cannot start the volumetric attack. Not only will this but the organization workers also be responsible for not accessing the sites that can contain spas and malware. Process of Using Database as the Source of Business Intelligence and Analytics Tools Business Intelligence and Analytics Tools are a kind of application software which is designed for retrieving, transforming, reporting as well as analyzing data for the business intelligence. The Business Intelligence Analytics tools leverage data as well as convert it to an actionable data that can be proved beneficial for the company. Hence, in case of AVST or Applied Voice and Speech Technologies, this company has utilized the database as the source for the business intelligence and analytical tools in order make improved decisions as well as knowledge management (Rivera 2014). Decision making as well as the knowledge management processes are the most crucial processes in the business operation of an organization. In case of decision, the act of selecting two or courses of action is very important. On the other hand, in knowledge management system, the process of sharing, using, developing as well as capturing organizational knowledge is important (Ferretti, Colajanni and Marchett i 2012). AVST is awash in data regarding their competitors, partners, suppliers, internal business processes, prospects as well as consumers and clients. However, with the help of the technology of the Business Intelligence tools, AVST enables the employees for transforming data into the information, client, staff, business pattern and many more, that would help their business in terms of building proper knowledge management system as well as making proper decisions regarding the information management through Database Management System. Non-relational databases and cloud databases Opportunities The cloud databases as well as non-relational databases have given AVST several opportunities in comparison to the utilization of the traditional database systems. In case of the non-relational databases can provide The opportunity of storing arrays in the JSON objects. It will assist in storing images, predictable relationships, audios, flat hierarchies. On the other hand, storing records in the similar collection that have several attributes or fields can be the other opportunity. In case of the cloud database, the usage of the cloud database has been advancing in recent days (Han, Song and Song 2012). There are several opportunities of using the cloud database. These are as follows: It can also increase the number of several opportunities like cost savings, as well as elasticity and scalability to the organization, AVST. The organization can allocate the saved capital in enhancing the core parts of the organization. Through increased scalability it can adjust itself as per the need of the market. On the other hand, it can also provide the opportunities of cost savings, disaster recovery, accessibility, bandwidth as well as usability. Challenges The non-relational databases as well as cloud database can result in several challenges to AVST as compared to the other traditional database systems (Bakalash et al., 2012). The cloud database can create several significant challenges for the company in terms of the usability of data, the access and modification of the data can be a critical task some times. bandwidth of data transmission, accessibility of data, security of the data as well as the software tools. On the other hand, in case of non-relational database, it does not treat operations automatically as transactions the way a relational database does. Therefore, the non-relational database has been proven time consuming for the organization. Conclusion The entire discussion made in this particular study has successfully covered all the capabilities as well as challenges of the database management in the context of a particular business scenario in AVST. The business intelligence will be responsible for examining the data in the database and producing the understandable information. From the gathered information from the business intelligence the analytical tools will be used so that a conclusion can be accomplished on the basis of the gathered information. This study has mainly established successfully the advantages of business intelligence and the analytical tools over the database management system that mainly helps in improving the knowledge management system and the process of decision making. On the other hand, this study has also successfully enlightened the opportunities and the challenges to AVST those are associated with the non-relational databases and the cloud databases. Thus, after analyzing all the issues, this study has also provided the feasible and significant resolving method to the company to overcome the problems raised in terms of database management system. Recommendations In order to rectify all the challenges associated with the Database Management System as well as non-relational and cloud database, AVST has to follow the possible and the most effective and useful techniques. These recommendations can be as follows: AVST first has to introduce the extraordinary data monitoring tools as well as to improvise the functionality of the remote DBA. In the current situation in AVST, the potential replication for the high availability is mandatory to be adopted in the organization in order maintains the Database Management System. With the help of the replication, high performance can be ensured from the database management side for the organization. The AVST is recommended to use more power sources. It also suggested to use a data recovery system and store the hardwire below the ground level as it is in a place where environmental disaster is common. This organization should also address the new cloud market. On the other hand, in order to prohibit the unethical access to the database, the organization should make their privacy norms and policy stricter. Reference List Bakalash, R., Shaked, G. and Caspi, J., Hyperroll and Israel Limited, 2012.Relational database management system having integrated non-relational multi-dimensional data store of aggregated data elements. U.S. Patent 6,385,604. Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Clifford, P. and Bhandari, R., Clifford Paul Ian and Bhandari Rory Anthony, 2012.Database management system. U.S. Patent Application 10/488,592. Ferretti, L., Colajanni, M. and Marchetti, M., 2012. Supporting security and consistency for cloud database. InCyberspace Safety and Security(pp. 179-193). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Han, J., Song, M. and Song, J., 2012, May. A novel solution of distributed memory nosql database for cloud computing. InComputer and Information Science (ICIS), 2011 IEEE/ACIS 10th International Conference on(pp. 351-355). IEEE. Krishnamurthy, S., Thombre, N., Conway, N., Li, W.H. and Hoyer, M., Cisco Technology, Inc, 2014.Addition and processing of continuous SQL queries in a streaming relational database management system. U.S. Patent 8,745,070. Luhn, H.P., 2015. A business intelligence system.IBM Journal of Research and Development,2(4), pp.314-319. Mysql.com. (2016).MySQL :: AVST UC Solutions Provide High Availability, Real-Time Performance and Lower Costs with MySQL. [online] Available at: https://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/case-studies/avst-uc-solutions-provide-high-availability-mysql.html [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Pakhira, M.K., 2012.Database Management System. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Peltier, T.R., 2013.Information security fundamentals. CRC Press. Reddy, T.B.K., Thomas, A.D., Stamatis, D., Bertsch, J., Isbandi, M., Jansson, J., Mallajosyula, J., Pagani, I., Lobos, E.A. and Kyrpides, N.C., 2014. The Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) v. 5: a metadata management system based on a four level (meta) genome project classification.Nucleic acids research, p.gku950. Rivera, J., 2014. Gartner s 2014 Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies Maps the Journey to Digital Business. Gartner Newsroom, pp.20142016. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2819918. Selinger, P.G., Astrahan, M.M., Chamberlin, D.D., Lorie, R.A. and Price, T.G., 2012, May. Access path selection in a relational database management system. InProceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data(pp. 23-34). ACM. Watanabe, Y., Tanaka, K. and Hayata, H., Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., 2013.Database management system. U.S. Patent 6,016,490.
Friday, April 10, 2020
A Reflection on Alpha Kappa Psi Core Values
A Reflection on Alpha Kappa Psi Core Values In considering the core values of Alpha Kappa Psi, I am struck by how simple and practical they are. They are written to provide guidance and inspiration, while avoiding preaching at members. If the pledge class pays attention to and abides by these principles, our experience in college and beyond is likely to be a positive one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Reflection on Alpha Kappa Psi Core Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first Alpha Kappa Psi value is BROTHERHOOD. This is clearly not simply the sibling relationship that many of us are familiar with from our own homes. We are not called on merely to avoid hurting each other, or to take turns, or to share nicely, as we are expected to do with our biological siblings. This is meant to be a different sort of relationship, representing the best way we treat our blood brothers and sisters, plus something more, something not necessarily found in a family. After all, we cannot choose our siblings, but we have, ourselves, chosen, and been chosen, reciprocally, to affiliate with this Alpha Kappa Psi brotherhood. This means that we should appreciate and value each other, no matter whether we think we are likely to become buddies or close friends, rather than merely accepting each otherââ¬â¢s right to exist grudgingly. The words ââ¬Å"dutyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"respectâ⬠appear in the PEP manual, and these are important. If we treat each other respectfully, as a welcome duty, the ââ¬Å"fondnessâ⬠will probably follow. We should be prepared to support each other and work for each otherââ¬â¢s success in all things associated with our college life, and afterwards as well. We should be able to depend on each other, in the same way that blood brothers and sisters can, under the best of circumstances. The exercise of behaving in a respectful and caring way towards another person, just because they are in the same organization, i s a very useful one. I expect that it will help me immensely when I am working in any corporate setting. I will need to cooperate productively with a variety of other people, even if I might not have selected them out of a crowd to share a beer or a pizza. The PEP manual also mentions stewardship; this means taking care of something that may benefit others whom we may not even know. In pledging Alpha Kappa Psi, we are becoming part of something that has been around for decades, and goes beyond just the members of the chapter where we pledged, or the brothers and sisters we hang out with. We have the same responsibility to take care of members from other years, and other chapters of the fraternity as we do to our own pledge class. I look forward to depending, myself, on this national network of people who will be more likely than strangers would be to take my phone call or respond to a request for help or information.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let' s see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A second value is KNOWLEDGE, and the goal of ââ¬Å"lifelong learningâ⬠. This is a really appealing goal, and sounds like it will be fairly easy to honor. We are asked to invest effort in learning as much as we can now, when we are in college, which means concentrating on our coursework to get the most out of this experience. This value also directs us to continue that process throughout our professional lives. This implies, to me, among other things, maintaining a flexible mental attitude that allows for absorption of new ideas. In both my subject areas of management information science and finance, this skill is critical. I hope, as a pledge, brother, and graduate, to develop and apply the ability to remain nimble mentally, so that I can keep up with developments in these swiftly changing fields. This core value also encourages us to share our experience and expertise with our brothers and sisters. The founding members undoubtedly did not intend for this to mean sharing exam questions! On the other hand, it would certainly include helping a brother or sister prepare for a test, or practice an oral presentation, or proof-read a resume. To fulfill this part of the fraternityââ¬â¢s goals as a graduate, I would expect to make myself available to talk with younger fraternity members about my company or the fields of finance or management information systems generally. I look forward to being a mentor to new members in future years, and to helping fellow members in any way I can. I also hope to benefit from the help and advice of alumni/ae, myself, as I look for internships, summer jobs, and positions after graduation. We are also called on to share our expertise with people outside the fraternity; everyone whom we work with and interact with out in the business world. The third value is INTEGRITY. This is a word and concept which many people may have begun to believe no longer belongs with the word ââ¬Å"businessâ⬠. My cohort of business graduates will enter the workplace just when the reputations of some major elements in the world economy (for example, the banking and mortgage sector, Toyota, adulterated Chinese food products) are worthless. This will be both a challenge and an opportunity for us, as members of Alpha Kappa Psi. Our fraternity membership imposes on us a constant reminder of the expected Alpha Kappa Psi standard of behavior. The honesty, ethics, and fairness of our behavior can be an example to each other and to those outside Alpha Kappa Psi. How does this translate into how we act while we are in college? Several easy examples come to mind. We can refrain from cheating, and we can choose to act straightforwardly in our social relations. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Reflection on Alpha Kappa Psi Core Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firs t might translate into learning how to do honest individual research efficiently and swiftly for our papers and projects so that we are not tempted to copy and paste or take other academic shortcuts where we should not. The second might take the form of not promising to call someone we know socially when, in fact, we have no intention of doing so. It could also take the form of not undercutting another member in an officer election contest. It certainly would include following the Alpha Kappa Psi guidelines about alcohol, drugs, hazing, and so forth. The experience of adhering to Alpha Kappa Psi standards of ethical behavior in college will prepare and inform me to face tough ethical decisions, and choose wisely once we are in the workplace fulltime. SERVICEA is another Alpha Kappa Psi value. This value is important as a healthy balance to the profit goals that we are being taught to pursue in business. Service can mean volunteering in the community, or on campus, while we are stil l students. Having a service oriented mindset means that we make time routinely in our lives for charitable events, and try to support them whenever we can, especially if Alpha Kappa Psi is sponsoring them. When we are in the business world, we can try to find ways to serve the community by making choices such as sourcing supplies locally, hiring locally, choosing to site a business where it will build up the community rather than eviscerate a downtown, ensuring that there is a career ladder for people with minimal starting qualifications, and of course the obvious option of partnering with charities to help them raise money. I look forward to finding creative ways to serve, and expect to learn new skills from the experience. UNITY is the last core value, and it is also the least specific. I see it as calling on Alpha Kappa Psi members to be willing to help the chapter and the fraternity survive and thrive over time. This might translate into being willing to serve as officer in th e chapter, train new members, take training myself, if available, and help in colonizing other campuses, if needed. Unity also means being an active and supportive graduate. It certainly means donating generously to support the organizationââ¬â¢s programs once I have an income stream. The value of unity might also involve volunteering to be an alumni chapter advisor, recommending incoming freshmen to the chapter, or finding some other way to use my personal gifts to serve Alpha Kappa Psi and its goals. As I see it, one of the great benefits of a fraternity membership is the chance to become comfortable with people of a variety of ages, from freshmen to the ââ¬Å"old guardâ⬠. Learning to work cooperatively and gracefully on fraternity business with people of many different ages cannot help but be an asset later on in the workplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brotherhood, knowledge, integrity, service, unity: these are the values that pledging Alpha Kappa Psi will commit me to support and live out creatively in my college years and beyond. I look forward to growing as a person over the rest of my undergraduate years. I feel sure that this growth will be enhanced by spending time and effort in the company of Alpha Kappa Psi brothers and the values we share and try to put into practice in the course of our daily lives and work.
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Case Study on Apollo Hospitals Essays
Case Study on Apollo Hospitals Essays Case Study on Apollo Hospitals Essay Case Study on Apollo Hospitals Essay Apollo Background (evolution since inception) Analysis of Apolloââ¬â¢s internationalization strategy à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 2 Apollo Hospitals, started as the first corporate hospital of India, has grown remarkably 1 2 First super-specialty Hospital in India ââ¬â Early 1980s y Liberalization and Growth ââ¬â Late 1980s; early 1990s 3 4 Wide Scale Marketing Efforts Focus on middle and lower strata of Society 5 Global expansion and local penetration 1983 ââ¬â Dr. Prathap Reddy established the first ever corporate hospital of t h it l f India ââ¬â Faced skepticism in his campaign that superspecialty hospital was viable in India ââ¬â Was able to attract doctors from the west 1986 ââ¬â At the personal urging of Dr. Prathap Reddy, the then Prime th th P i Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, liberalized the Hospital Sector. Apart from individual patient and doctor referrals, which served as primary d i marketing tools in the 1980s, Apollo exercised various print, audio and video marketing tools à 1990s onwards Till early1990s, the services of Apollo were restricted to the elite strata of society lit t t f i t criticism that its services were not for the masses. Apollo has already expanded to more than 45 Hospitals and more th 250 d than Apollo Clinics in India and abroad Apollo faced Has centers of excellence in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait, etc. Apollos business began to grow in the 1990s, with the deregulation of the Indian economy, which drastically cut the bureaucratic barriers to expansion and made it easier to import modern medical equipment The successfulà coronary bypass operation of the Vice President of India in 1993 gave a major boost to the Apollo brand and visibility. Apollo reacted by expanding its services to the poor class Has set aside free beds for the poor Has set up a trust fund Is pioneering remote, satelliteremote satellite linked telemedicine across India Made an IPO and raised $4. 6 million in 1983 Further initiatives include South Africa, Tanzania, Mauritius, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Oman Bahrain Vietnam and Thailand, among others 3 à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. ..à and has become the single largest private hospital group in Asia 1983. India Chennai Apollo attracts more than 10 million patients in India itself, from over 55 countries 2006 India Chennai1 Hyderabad1 Delhi1 Kolkata1 Ahmadabad1 Others (4)1 Others (250) 2 Overseas SiL k 1 Sri Lanka Bangladesh2 The UAE2 Nepal2 Ghana2 Nigeria2 UK2 Saudi Arabia2 Leadership, Quality and Network The Apollo Hospitals Group is recognized as the Architect of p p p g Healthcare in India It is the largest corporate entity in healthcare in Asia and the third largest in the world It has won multiple accolades both inside and out of India. The Apollo p p Hospital in Chennai was the first Indian hospital to be awarded IS0 9002 and ISO 14001 Certifications and has been named ââ¬Å"Best Private Sector Hospital in Indiaâ⬠by The Week magazine Apollo manages over 6400 beds in different centers and is currently involved in either the management or ownership of 45 hospitals in India and abroad (1) Apollo Hospitals (2) Apollo Clinics Source: Literature Search, Company website à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 4. Apollo Hospitals Group ââ¬â The Group has an integrated business model (ââ¬ËAcross the Healthcare Spectrumââ¬â¢) ( p ) Third Party Insurance Health and Lifestyle Clinics Pharmacy Retailing Tertiary Education Healthcare Services Strategy p Implementation Consulting HOSP info Clinical Trials System Telemedicine à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 5 Apollo Hospitals Groupââ¬â Companies, besides Hospital Offers Business Process Outsourcing and IT solutions and services Apollo Health Street Incorporated. to global clientele Established in 1999 Largest retail pharmacy chain in India and has round-the-clock Apollo Pharmacies operations maintains a stock of prescription drugs, OTC medicines and other health and body-care related products Moving towards offering e-prescription based services Acts as a catalyst for students and is complementary to the existing MedVarsity Online Limited (MOL) education system over 1500 hours of medical content that is accessible to the medical community Established in 2000. Apollo Telemedicine Enterprises Limited E t i Li it d (ATEL) Allows the participant sites to collaborate with institutions in India and abroad and provides their clientele access to healthcare in areas not adequately served by the medical community Established in 1999 www. redseerconsulting. com. 6 à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. Apollo Hospitals Groupââ¬â Companies, besides Hospital Its the largest Third Party Administrator (TPA) in Asia affiliated to Family Health Plan Limited (FHP) 1700 major Corporates and manages 4. 7 million lives Initiated ââ¬Ëmanaged careââ¬â¢ to control rising medical costs, and to make medical facilities accessible for greater number of people Online Hospital Equipment Services Private Limited An electronic equipment exchange for medical devices and high end technology products used in the delivery of medical care It provides expert advice and services on technology, technocommercial issues Delivers family-focused primary healthcare services through Apollo Health Lifestyle Ltd (AHLL) branded Apollo clinics across India and its neighboring countries. Used information Technology to create an e-marketplace that Keimed. com Limited would service Apollo and others through an end-to-end, logistic p g g solutions partnerships for effective inventory management and control à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 7 AGENDA Apollo Background (evolution since inception) Analysis of Apolloââ¬â¢s internationalization strategy à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 8 Drivers for International Expansion Huge opportunity. Large unmet need for high quality medical care Greater ROI Large unmet need for high quality medical care ââ¬â High unmet demand, specially amongst people who could not afford to travel abroad for treatment ââ¬â Major procedures like open-heart surgery were unavailable ââ¬â The medical treatment in many Asian and Gulf countries was conducted sloppily, using low quality equipment Greater ROI Certain foreign markets such as Gulf countries were lucrative as countries, they could generate higher ROI à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 9. Apolloââ¬â¢s used the OLI Paradigm effectively for International expansion Ownership: While the hospital group has maintained its ownership Ownership Advantages g it has found that in order to remain competitive and achieve scalability it needs to relinquish some of power and has adopted the franchising model in order to expand Internalization: Used an internal strategy of leadership, quality and leadership Internalization Advantages network. The chain has spun of subsidiaries under its main brand which include Apollo Clinics, Apollo Pharmacy etc. Apollo is continually characterized by change and innovation. Strategic inorganic and inorganic expansion in order to rapidly ramp up and help keep the company abreast with the dynamic business environment Location: Apollo has firmly reaffirmed in its strategy the belief that ââ¬Å"more is sureâ⬠. The chain apart from setting up multiple hospitals and clinics in each city have now set it footprints in tier 1,2 cities alike. It has aimed to become a global brand by setting up centers in Dubai and other Asian countries and is continually looking to expand d Location Advantages à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 10 Apolloââ¬â¢s branding and demand generation initiatives focused on individuals, referring doctors and corporations General public and individuals. Awareness of high quality medical care and stress illness prevention Targeted mailings to promote Apollo clinics for various therapies such as diabetes, asthma, back pain, cancer and cardiology Introductory discounts to attract first time users Developing an internal system to respond to all consumer queries promptly Regular advertising in a variety of media to target urbanà consumers Screening programs for illness such as cancer and tuberculosis in rural areas Local Doctors. Individual visits by Apollo sales force, to local doctors to build relationships Frequent mailing by Apollo to the doctors, to keep them informed about the hospitals services and procedures Track number of referrals made by individual doctors in a computerized database Inform and update referring doctors about the progress made with the patients Encourage Apollo doctors to participate in national Medical Association meetings to increase the Hospitalââ¬â¢s familiarity to doctors across the nation. Corporations Corporate and government employers ââ¬â Less price sensitive than those who paid out of pocket Target key decision makers such as top executives, human resource managers, trade union leaders and company medical advisors Mailings and individual visits Conduct programs at the companies to increase awareness and teach skills such as first aid à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 11 Apollo has taken various key Initiatives to increase international presence and operational efficiency Strategy Increased emphasis on Managed Hospitals Description Apollo built the first HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) in 1995, on the lines of HMOs in the USA. USA It provides all medical care as needed to its members in return for a fixed annual premium premium. The HMO combines two methods of expansion ââ¬â building wholly owned facilities and licensing Increased emphasis on Managed Hospitals in order to reduce risk, cost and to increase geographical reach Licensing will help spread Apolloââ¬â¢s influence and recognition more quickly than building wholly owned facilities Improvement in efficiency and cost reduction Improvement in efficiency through better asset utilization of all existing facilities Cost Reduction through simplification of processes in the areas of materials, manpower and financing. Aggressive marketing to access overseas markets ââ¬â measures such as publicizing successful Aggressive marketing Has established an AIC (Apollo Information Centre) network, establishing government-private partnership for patients to be sent by the respective Treatment Abroad Committees referring Treatment Committees, private patients through health insurance HMOs and TPAs and through local doctor referrals surgeries, awards, accreditations, alliances/ partnerships and accolades Backward Integration. There is increasing focus on providing wholesome health solutions, integrating to the Indian methods of wellness. Source: Literature Search à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 12 Apollo Hospitals has also taken other steps to expand its reach and penetration globally The only international training organization for the American Heart Association Technical International Affiliation and Accreditation support from Texas Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute for Cardiology and Cardio Thoracic surgery Exchange programs with hospitals in the U.à S. and Europe S Association with the Mayo Clinic and the Cleveland Heart Institute, USA Associate of the Johns Hopkins University, USA. International I t ti l Research Alliances Apollo Hospitals has entered into various alliances to broad base its value proposition St Cell Research and Th Stem C ll R h d Therapy ââ¬â July 2005 Tied up with Histostem, part of the Delaware Corporation, for the development of a sustaining and mutually-beneficial relationship in Cord Blood Stem Cell Research and Therapy in India Medical and Business Collaborations ? July 2005 ââ¬â Collaboration with Johns Hopkins to jointly develop state of the art concepts state-of-the-art concepts, technology, partnerships with clinical departments especially in Oncology, Neurosciences and Cardiology, nurse education, telemedicine, clinical research and medical education The local partnership approach has worked very well for Apollo p p pp y p Local Partnerships/ JVs ââ¬â Local Partner Local partner usually deals with many local issues, besides providing capital, such as provision of land and dealing with local authorities, doctors and other interest parties Help in creating a sound clientele base ââ¬â Apollo ââ¬â Partial capital investment, and management Example A ll H E l Apollo Hospitals Group in a joint venture with it B it l G i j i t t ith its Bangladeshi partner STS l d hi t Holdings, Dhaka Source: Literature Search. à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 13 Apolloââ¬â¢s success can be attributed to its organization around ââ¬ËFive Starsââ¬â¢ to give patients advanced medical care possible at high quality Medical Personnel Hired top quality medical personnel ââ¬â top caliber, renowned doctors and su geo s e e surgeons were a key to Apolloââ¬â¢s reputation a d se ce ey po o s eputat o and service The presence of top specialists garnered referrals from throughout the world. Apollo took every opportunity to publicize the accomplishments of its doctors Effective application of the latest medical technology has been a critical part of Apolloââ¬â¢s service and appeal to patients and consultant doctors Equipments have always been expensive but Apollo never compromised Medical Technology Employees Motivation ââ¬â Employees have been the ââ¬Ëmiddle starââ¬â¢ for Apollo, signifying their p y p , g y g central role in the success of the Hospital. Every individual is valued Culture ââ¬â Strong sense of community Compensation ââ¬â 10-20% higher than the industry average Every employee is expected to take responsibility for each patientââ¬â¢s every patient s need Every employee has to go through an induction training which emphasizes on grooming, etiquette and hygiene and stressed ââ¬ËNever forget to thank a patientââ¬â¢ Focus on a number of ways to serve patients better than the competition Patient health has always been the most important indicator of success and hence the hospital has always been focused on providing the best medical outcomes www.redseerconsulting. com. 14 Hospitality. Values Source: Literature Search, Harvard Business Review RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. à © 2009 Apollo is looking to expand aggressively in other international markets Fiji Mauritius West Asia The Caribbean islands International Expansion E i Africa Mongolia Georgia Kazakhstan à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 15 Thank You! ([emailprotected] com) ( @ d lti ) à © 2009 RedSeer Consulting Confidential and Proprietary Information. www. redseerconsulting. com. 16.
Saturday, February 22, 2020
The last financial crisis 2007-2009 Research Paper
The last financial crisis 2007-2009 - Research Paper Example The economic crisis was associated with great losses of financial wealth, economic output, increased government interventions, psychological consequences among other significant costs. This paper will assess the extent to which the Qatar and other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council were affected by the financial crisis. Impact of the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 on the Gulf Area Introduction This paper aims at studying the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 on the countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), or the Gulf Area. The Gulf Area is an economic and political Union of Arab states around the Persian Gulf including Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, The United Arab emirates and Qatar. The cooperation was established in 1981 to foster unity and trade and cooperation among the member states. The Gulf Area consists of the fastest growing economies mostly due to the revenues gotten from huge deposits of natural resources such as oil and natural gas. T his paper will largely be based on the impact of the global financial crisis on the economy of Qatar with some examples drawn from the other countries in the Gulf area. Petroleum is the backbone of Qatarââ¬â¢s economy and accounts for about 70% of the countries revenues (Read, 2009). The GDP of Qatar ranks among the robust in the world and it has become a major player in the global economy from the region. This essay will try at analyze the impact of the global financial crisis on the economy of Qatar as well as its reaction to the crisis as well as how the other countries in the Gulf were affected. The main objective of this essay will be to answer the question as to how the last financial crisis (2007-2009) affected the economic situation in the Gulf area. The economic crisis of 2007-2009 was associated with great losses of financial wealth, economic output, increased government interventions, psychological consequences among other significant costs (Read, 2009). Although the f inancial crisis began in the Western countries, its impact was felt across the world, with most economies feeling the impact. The crisis is deemed by most economists as the worst financial crisis ever since the Great Depression that befell in the 1930s. The 2007-2009 global financial crisis resulted in downturns in major stock markets across the world, and threatening the collapse of some of the largest financial institutions in major economies around the globe (Read, 2009). This resulted in government interventions to bail out banks and other financial institutions as well as big companies in order to protect the economy from collapsing. Some of the results of the financial crisis across the globe included massive prolonged unemployment, high interest rates, and housing crisis among others. The crisis also led to a reduction in global economic activities between 2007 and 2012 and played a major role in the debt Crisis in the European countries (Fried, 2012). The global financial cr isis has been attributed to various causes, mostly from the West. According to the U.S. Senateââ¬â¢s Levin-Coburn report, the financial crisis occurred as a result of complex, high risk financial products and cases of undisclosed conflicts of interests among different parties, as well as the inadequacy of proper regulators. Most critics have pointed out to the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act (1999) of the US as the origin of the financial
Thursday, February 6, 2020
ART HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
ART HISTORY - Essay Example This construction is often used in bazaars in some of the Arab markets today. Pei and Parteners.The Bank of China, 1989 was constructed as beautiful architectural masterpiece with geometrical perfection of the mathematical design of each piece of glass. This was the precursor of his constructing the pyramids of the Louvre. Architecture in the commercial world has been transformed into art in itself. The design of Pei, the US Pavillon of Budminister Fuller and the beautiful buildings of Frank Lloyd Wright are just a small indication of how architechure has changed since the early 1950's. Art is to be beautiful to the eye visible at 180Ã ° and promote social cohesion. Chapter 10: MORTALITY AND IMMORTALITY Man was deified and made immortal through art. 3000 BCE were the Pyramids in Egypt or the Chichen Itza in Mexico. Because of many social changes including the overcrowding of cities, graveyards became the responsibility of civil authorities. This can be seen in the Romanticism era wi th Pere LaChaise in 1804. (p265). As more controls were established less ornaments were allowed on gravestones. In some graveyards, stones were discontinued all together as in Memorial Lawn outside of Los Angeles. It is significant to bring up the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong in Tiananmen Square (p 266) for the architecture of the building and for the statue outside. A similar edifice can be seen in North Korea and in Moscow. There are two photos in this section which the writer feels should go in Chapter 12. Chapter 12: SOCIAL PROTEST AND AFFIRMATION The following two photos were in the last chapter for the number of people who have died. It is important to look at the date of publication of this book and the six years that have past and the importance of social affirmation. "Modern commemorative art serves a psychological need of loss" and of closure. The AIDS Memorial Quilt is a commemorative work which promotes cohesion. Other commemorative works in Chapter 11: USA MARINE CORPS WAR ( p 297) and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, (p 1982) No other time in history have people been able to congregate in masses to mourn their losses. The most significant piece of architecture today is the computer designed Liberty Tower or 7TC. Land has been broken and it is scheduled to be finished in 2013. This site represents a corporate structure built will a shape that has never been used before which has no national or cultural significance. It will be used a memorial for the thousands who have died and who have died in war. In building one of the highest buildings in the world, it will be a social protest and a social affirmation that terrorism can be won. The context might be considered subjective to those who were not part of September 11 2001. Context therefore is depended on the person's culture. An American reading this report will not have the same perspective as someone from an Eastern
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