The Changing Of The Guard The New Face Of It Ethics

The Changing of the Guard: The New Face of IT Ethics in Younger Generations In America Ask anyone what ethics means and the number of different answers will likely equal the number of different people that were asked. One person may say that ethics are like lines in the sand that establish right from wrong. Another may use that same description to define morals or principles. A company might have a specific view of what is considered ethical and not broach the subject of morals. Most individuals, however, mix the meaning of ethics, morals, integrity, principles and values into a blanket concept that covers the idea of how people ought to be; and this is rightly done, as the reality is that although there are specific distinctions and†¦show more content†¦Much of the complexity comes from the fact that an answer can be different from person to person. Also, different types of ethics, such as business and corporate ethics, may be judged by different criteria than personal ethics. Oftentimes there may be no clear answer, and so both good and bad apply (Reyn olds, 2015). To further complicate the issue, consider that what was ethical to prior generations may not be so for younger generations, and so the answer can change over time or generationally. An example of this generational shift can be found when, in 1964, the Civil Rights Act ended segregation. It was brought about by a generation of youth that encompassed a social perspective that recognized segregation as unethical and unlawful. However, the concept of segregation was considered ethical to three generations of citizens prior to that. In fact, only 68 years earlier, in Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court mirrored the societal ethics of the time and ruled in favor of segregation (Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896). Another broad example is the shift in privacy ethics during recent years. Since the invention of the telephone, there have been concerns regarding the potential abuse and unethical uses of information technology (IT). Laws were passed early on, such as the Communications Act of 1934, to deal with growing concerns regarding privacy. Throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, laws such as the Wiretap Act and

The Purpose Of Friendship - 1304 Words

Joseph Thielemann Professor Baker Intro to Philosophy 13 April 2015 The Purpose of Friendship We all have friends that we enjoy spending time with, but we do not seem to think heavily as to why we have these friends. These relationships are not necessary to survival; all that is needed for our physical body to survive is food and water, yet people want to create long-lasting friendships with people they cherish. In his work, Lysis, Plato says that that friendship is the least of natural loves, ones which we do not need to reproduce. C.S. Lewis complements this by describing friendship as â€Å"unnecessary, like philosophy, like art.... It has no survival value; rather it is one of those things which give value to survival.† Many early†¦show more content†¦Bennett Helm describes friendship as â€Å"a distinctive kind of concern for your friend, a concern which might reasonably be understood as a kind of love.† I believe friendship is a greater form of an acquaintance. With an acquaintance you will exchange greetings whenever you happen to meet and maybe have a small conversation, but that is where the effort of becoming a friend stops. A quality friendship is where each person cares for the other to succeed, enjoys going out of their way to spend quality time with the other, and deeply care for the other’s health. Is that all there is to friendship?Are there any other forms of friendship? Aristotle says that there are different types of friendships. He divides friendship into three different variants. The first is a friendship based upon utility. Utility is the quality or state of being useful This friendship is easily seen as the weakest of the three because it is a selfish form of friendship based around personal gain. The second kind of friendship is one based upon pleasure. The people in this type of relationship are only drawn to the others physical qualities. These friendships are each seen as weak because the people only continue the friendship for what they can get out of it. Due to this, th ese types of friendships to not last very long. The last kind of friendship is the strongest and most caring. Aristotle states that the final

The Impact of Microorganisms on Human Affairs free essay sample

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms or microbes. The word micro means small in Greek, implying that microbes are very minute or small life forms that cannot be seen with just the naked eye. One would need a microscope to see these small life forms. Microbes are everywhere and have a large impact on the world. It all started when one of the most important discoveries in history was made in 1665. Englishman, Robert Hooke discovered â€Å"little boxes† or â€Å"cells† in a slice of cork through the microscope and explained that these were life’s smallest structural unit (Tortora et al, 2010). This event marked the beginning of the cell theory, that all living things are composed of cells. As expected in the scientific world, a new finding leads to a cascade of experiments to expand on the newly discovered facts. This was shown when Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made the first observation of live microbes though a microscope that he designed himself. Van Leeuwenhoek used rain water, his feces, and his teeth scrapings to make observations from the microbes. For a few years after Van Leeuwenhoek’s discoveries the majority of the world believed that microorganisms spontaneously generated, which means that life forms came from nonliving matter such as toads and mice (Tortora et al, 2010). It was not until the discoveries of Louis Pasteur in 1861 that the theory of spontaneous generation was challenged and the call theory was confirmed. Pasteur resolved this issue by creating experiments demonstrating that microbes are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions, but the air itself cannot create microbes. The experiments contained beef broth in several flasks. Some were sealed after being boiled and the rest were kept open after they were boiled. The flasks that were kept open in the air accumulated microbes whereas the flasks that were sealed did not. Pasteur then followed up his first experiment by doing another experiment. He used the same principle, except he used a flask with an S-shaped neck that allowed air to pass through but the design of the flask trapped any bacteria in the neck. After boiling and allowing the broth to cool, there were no signs of microbial growth (Tortora et al, 2010). The final step toward identifying as a source of disease came with the findings or Robert Koch in 1881. Koch, using a series of observations, later known as Koch’s Postulates, found that specific microbes cause specific diseases. He proved that bacteria causes disease by observing animals for the presence of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. He found that this bacterium was in the blood of the cow that had died from anthrax. Koch then retrieved the bacteria from the cow, grew it on pure culture, injected it into a healthy animal, and waited to see if the healthy animal had the same results. Like he thought, the animal became infected and Koch was able to isolate the same organism from the newly diseased animal. This process is still used today in the detection of microorganisms being responsible for causing disease (Tortora et al, 2010). These scientists and their experiments laid the foundation for the discovery of an unknown world and quickly became life changing. Before one can understand the impact of Microbes on human affairs, one must be aware of the types of microorganisms there are in this world. Microbes consist of six groups: Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, and Viruses. These groups are very different but are similar in that they are small in size. Furthermore these groups are divided into two different groups: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic, excluding viruses. Fungi, Algae, and Protozoa are classified as Eukaryotic which means they are multicellular and include a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotic in which they are unicellular and do not have a nucleus nor membrane-bound organelles. Viruses do not belong is either group because they are noncellular. In fact, they require a cell host in order to replicate. Some unique characteristics about microbes are that they are ubiquitous, dominant, diverse, and free living. Since the experiments of the great scientists such as Pasteur and Koch, the world of microbiology has taken great strides in understanding the impact that microbes have on the world, whether beneficial or destructive. A period from 1857 to 1914 was called â€Å"The Golden Age of Microbiology† which marked the beginning of rapid advances and discoveries such as vaccines for disease to fermentation and pasteurization. This period came to be one of the most influential and ever-changing sciences in the world today. If it wasn’t for the first experiments in the field, we would not know that microorganisms are the main cause of most diseases in the world. We all live in a world filled with microbes from birth to death and we have numerous microorganisms on our bodies as well as inside of our bodies. These microorganisms are known as normal microbiota or normal flora. These microorganisms benefit us in that it prevents us from being sick all the time. They also produce growth factors such as Vitamin K and folic acid. Though these microbiota live in harmony with their host under normal conditions, they can be harmful if they find their way into different parts of the body or a different habitat. These microbes would be considered pathogenic or disease-causing, and are not exclusive to the body’s normal flora. An example of a normal microbiota that becomes harmful when introduced into a foreign environment is the bacterium Escherichia coli. This bacterium is normally found in the colon. The bacterium may come in contact with the stomach by ingestion and certain strains can cause food poisoning which leads to diarrhea, dehydration, and discomfort. Some diseases thought to be noninfectious may involve microbial infections such as Helicobacter pylori. This common bacterium is pathogenic and affect about half the world’s population. This bacterium has been known to be the cause of gastric ulcers in the upper GI tract (The Normal Bacterial Flora of Humans). Immunocompromised people are at a greater risk for infections especially respiratory infections such as pneumonia. Since their immune systems are very weak, they are susceptible to many diseases. There are several ways that these bacterium can be transmitted into the host and cause infection. The causative agents of disease can be transmitted into the host by three routes: contact, vehicles, and vectors. The most popular method of transmitting disease is by contact. Contact can be divided into three types which are direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission. Direct contact is also known as person-to-person transmission where there is physical contact involved such as touching or kissing. The common cold, staphylococcal infections, hepatitis A and other infections can be transmitted during direct contact. Indirect contact involves transmission of the pathogen through a fomite, or inanimate object that is a reservoir for pathogens. The use of drinking bottles and eating utensils are good examples of indirect contact transmission. Finally, droplet transmission involves the spread of microorganisms by way of mucus droplets. The primary way this transmission occurs is through coughing and sneezing. The Vehicle transmission is when the disease is transmitted by a medium such as water, food, or air. Waterborne infections normally travel through poorly filtered water systems or sewage systems. Diseases such as cholera, waterborne shigellosis, and leptospirosis are transmitted through waterborne transmission. In foodborne transmission disease is transmitted by undercooked meat or poorly refrigerated. Airborne diseases usually involve droplet transmission or dust particles that can be spread in the air. Air filters are becoming more effective in preventing airborne transmission, however, still some pathogens are small enough to escape the filter (Tortora et al, 2010). The last route of transmission is vector transmission. A vector is another source, typically an insect, in which the pathogen reproduces before being transmitted into the host. Ticks and mosquitos are most often responsible for causing diseases via vector transmission. Some diseases that they cause include the West Nile Virus, which causes West Nile encephalitis. This disease is carried by mosquitoes. Another popular disease caused by this type of transmission is Lyme disease and this is carried by ticks. The cause of transmission results in either emerging infectious diseases or re-emerging infectious diseases. An emerging infectious disease is a disease that is new or is increasing in incidence whereas a re-emerging infectious disease is a disease that has already been described and has existed for years but is all of a sudden presenting reappearance. An example of an emerging infectious disease is the West Nile Virus. This is typically due to evolutionary changes in the existing o rganism where they are introduced to a new geographic region or populations. The West Nile Virus, as mentioned earlier, is carried by birds and is transmitted between birds and to horses and humans by mosquitos. This virus causes inflammation to the brain. Other symptoms include flu-like symptoms such as headache, fever, and body aches (West Nile Virus). An example of a re-emerging disease would be tuberculosis or cholera. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that involves the lungs as well as other parts of the body like the brain, kidneys or spine. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is contagious. There are two types of TB: primary TB and secondary TB. People who have primary TB are exposed for the first time whereas people who have secondary TB have already been infected previously. TB can spread very easily by breathing in air droplets that contain the tubercle bacillus from a cough or a sneeze of the infected person. Most people with primary TB are asymptomatic which means they do not have any symptoms or show any signs that they have TB. This bacterium is shown in people who have HIV or AIDS or other immunodeficiency disorders because their immune system is no good and cannot fight of the bacteria. Usually people who develop progressive disease have symptoms that are insidious and non-specific such as weight loss, fatigue, fever, and night sweats so they cannot tell right away that they have this disease (Porth, 2011). Secondary TB is often found in people who have impaired body defense mechanisms such as elderly people and infants. This time around the disease is much more serious and the upper lung lobes are most affected http://www. cdc. gov/tb/topic/basics/default. htm http://www. cdc. gov/tb/topic/basics/default. htm One way to get tested for TB is by the TB test or PPD. If the test is positive it does not mean that it is positive. It just means that the person has been exposed to TB. Not everyone that has been infected with TB gets sick. TB bacteria can live in the body without showing any symptoms; this is called latent TB infection. In this case, people who are infected have a good immune system that is able to fight off the bacteria and keep it from growing. These people also cannot spread the disease to others, however, if the body fails to fight off the bacteria it will grow and multiply and will cause the person to be sick with TB disease. At this point the disease is contagious and can be spread to other people. In rare cases, people who have latent TB never end up with TB disease and some people may have latent TB and will not get the disease years later. A major risk factor that could contribute to getting this disease would be living in crowded or unsanitary conditions because there are more people and therefore more chance of breathing in someone else’s air droplets. One cannot get the disease by just shaking someone’s hand or by sharing a drink. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, a total of 10,521 TB cases were reported in the United States in 2011. However, there has been a significant decline since 2010. In fact, this has been the lowest rate recorded since reporting began in 1953. Although numbers of TB cases are gradually decreasing in the United States, outbreaks of TB in homeless shelters are rising. In January 2010, public health officials found an outbreak of TB among three overnight guests at a homeless shelter in Illinois and were diagnosed with TB disease.

War on Television free essay sample

An analysis of the significant role of television propaganda during War times. This paper discusses the role of television propaganda during times of war. The paper attempts to discern problems or controversies in specific areas of media communications. It also provides an overview of the September 11 attacks on the USA. War on television has been the subject of both fictional accounts and extensive, often compelling news coverage. War has been the prime inspiration of a number of television movies and series along with political cartoons and talk shows. This almost always leads to propaganda which can be defined as the systematic propagation or discrediting of a given doctrine or cause by circulating polemical material such as posters of leaflets. The facts in a propaganda campaign are manipulated in such a way so as to bring about a gradual but significant change of public opinion (Glasgow University Media Group, 1985). As a result of such campaigns a large number of people are directed to think in a particular direction. We will write a custom essay sample on War on Television or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic idea behind a propaganda campaign can be a product, an ideology, a position or a point of view even though the general assumption remains that propaganda is directly related to political events. This usually causes propaganda to be associated with negative connotations. Thus simply put propaganda can be described as the dissemination of information through persuasion and is said to be an art that can be carried out through all forms of communication (Young, 1992). However for reasons of space and clarity the following essay will focus on the effect of television propaganda during times of war.

Top 5 Jobs for Great Work-Life Balance

Top 5 Jobs for Great Work-Life Balance ever wondered how some people make it work? how you could manage to maintain a satisfying career, pay the bills, but still have time to travel or have a family life? sometimes it’s best to think outside of the box a bit and look to a few jobs you might not expect would fit the bill. forbes recently featured 25 jobs that could give you the best of both worlds, and still pay enough to keep you where you want to be. here are our top 5.1. web designerhave an eye for good design? a mind for technology? a self-managing style? consider a career in web design. a bit of training and talent can net you an average of $53k per year with tons of flexibility. you could work from anywhere!2. software developerthis ones is another step in the web direction, if you’re good at that sort of thing. software developers usually have flexible hours and locations, and can make up to $80k per year.3. client managerprefer the structure of working for a company, rather than on your own? still wan t a bit more flexibility? client managing can win you over $71k per year and will still leave you time to make lunches for your kids.4. substitute teacherhave teaching skills, but don’t want to be tied down to a full scholastic year? have a bit of money saved to work on starting your own business? or just don’t need to pull in all that much? substitute teaching can be a great way to keep yourself working- as much or as little as you want- without long-term commitment, and can earn you almost $25k a year.5. social media managerthis gig let’s you be involved in a company without having to stay late and come early to keep it running; you act as  that company’s mouthpiece instead! social media managing can be a low-stress, often enjoyable way to go to work every day. and at an average of $40k a year, the salary isn’t half bad either.see more here:  best 25 jobs for work life balance

Free Essays on Life After High School Eassay

High school, a stepping stone, a coming of age, a time of change, a time of growing and planning, a time of living and enjoying, a beginning for some and an end or transition for others. Joyce Carol Oates Life after High School takes us to a time in the late 1950s to South Lebanon High School and shows us the lives of three people at a time of self-discovery. Zachary Graff, Barbara "Sunny" Burhman and Tobias Shank were three friends and classmates who held secrets and truths between them which no one else in the school or town would discover. Zachary Graff (a round character) was, until about the ninth grade, just an unrecognizable nerdy looking person. He was six and a half feet tall, 203 pounds with an IQ of 160. Upon graduation, his parents had wanted him to attend Muhlenberg College, a church-affiliated school, but Zachary, who would have been the valedictorian, wanted to go wherever Sunny would go. His frame was large and he would move clumsily down the halls of the high school with a gaze on the horizon as if not noticing anyone. Zachary had an eye problem, myopia or nearsightedness, which caused him to have to wear corrective glasses. His glasses were "chunky black plastic frames", which he constantly kept pushing up on his nose for fear they were falling. He was not unpopular in school as much as he was "feared, thus disliked (573)." The boys in Zachary's school envied him for his "plum-colored 1956 Plymouth" that his family could afford to buy. They felt "it seemed to them distinctly unfair that Zachary, of all people, had his own car, when so few of them, who loved cars, did." This car was Zachary's last choice as his final place to be in South Lebanon. Zachary's father was the "town's preeminent physician", so his family had a high standing in this little town with a population of 3,800. Everyone knew everyone else. Zachary, a baptized Lutheran, and his parents were members of the First Lutheran Church where they never fai... Free Essays on Life After High School Eassay Free Essays on Life After High School Eassay High school, a stepping stone, a coming of age, a time of change, a time of growing and planning, a time of living and enjoying, a beginning for some and an end or transition for others. Joyce Carol Oates Life after High School takes us to a time in the late 1950s to South Lebanon High School and shows us the lives of three people at a time of self-discovery. Zachary Graff, Barbara "Sunny" Burhman and Tobias Shank were three friends and classmates who held secrets and truths between them which no one else in the school or town would discover. Zachary Graff (a round character) was, until about the ninth grade, just an unrecognizable nerdy looking person. He was six and a half feet tall, 203 pounds with an IQ of 160. Upon graduation, his parents had wanted him to attend Muhlenberg College, a church-affiliated school, but Zachary, who would have been the valedictorian, wanted to go wherever Sunny would go. His frame was large and he would move clumsily down the halls of the high school with a gaze on the horizon as if not noticing anyone. Zachary had an eye problem, myopia or nearsightedness, which caused him to have to wear corrective glasses. His glasses were "chunky black plastic frames", which he constantly kept pushing up on his nose for fear they were falling. He was not unpopular in school as much as he was "feared, thus disliked (573)." The boys in Zachary's school envied him for his "plum-colored 1956 Plymouth" that his family could afford to buy. They felt "it seemed to them distinctly unfair that Zachary, of all people, had his own car, when so few of them, who loved cars, did." This car was Zachary's last choice as his final place to be in South Lebanon. Zachary's father was the "town's preeminent physician", so his family had a high standing in this little town with a population of 3,800. Everyone knew everyone else. Zachary, a baptized Lutheran, and his parents were members of the First Lutheran Church where they never fai...

The impact of economic globalization in the world Dissertation

The impact of economic globalization in the world - Dissertation Example The participation in the global market of countries is made possible by the reality of globalisation. Globalisation pertains to the removal of economic barriers existing among nations. By removing trade tariffs and other forms of taxes in international trade, freer movements of goods, services, and people have happened, thus establishing a more connected global society and interdependent global market. However, as economic growth and development are observed in countries who have integrated in the global market, it has also been observed that the widening gap between the rich and poor continues and this inequality permeates other interactions and relationships in society. With this perspective, it becomes essential that addressing the issue of the impact of economic globalisation is further clarified. Considering the current debate regarding the issue of economic globalisation, this research will address the question â€Å"what is the impact of economic globalisation?† This qu estion gives rise to two hypotheses. H0 Economic globalisation has a negative impact to countries. H1 Economic globalisation has a positive impact to the country. In order to address the issue of the research, a documentary research analysis was conducted. For the analysis of the collected data, comparative analysis, Pearson correlation, and thematic search were conducted. Some of the findings of the study include; (1) There is a need to redefine and reshape the boundaries of economic globalisation. (2) The impact of economic globalisation can only be ascertained for countries occupying the extreme positions in the spectrum of global integration. (3) Other variables have to be identified in order... However, as economic growth and development are observed in countries who have integrated in the global market, it has also been observed that the widening gap between the rich and poor continues and this inequality permeates other interactions and relationships in society. With this perspective, it becomes essential that addressing the issue of the impact of economic globalisation is further clarified. Considering the current debate regarding the issue of economic globalisation, this research will address the question â€Å"what is the impact of economic globalisation?† This question gives rise to two hypotheses. H0 Economic globalisation has a negative impact to countries. H1 Economic globalisation has a positive impact to the country. In order to address the issue of the research, a documentary research analysis was conducted. For the analysis of the collected data, comparative analysis, Pearson correlation, and thematic search were conducted. Some of the findings of the study include; (1) There is a need to redefine and reshape the boundaries of economic globalisation. (2) The impact of economic globalisation can only be ascertained for countries occupying the extreme positions in the spectrum of global integration. (3) Other variables have to be identified in order to guarantee the impact of economic globalisation to countries that are clustering or distributed at the centre of the spectrum of the impact of economic globalisation.